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Larrylox

27 Apr 2025 - 04:54 am

‘Dyson spheres’ were theorized as a way to detect alien life. Scientists say they’ve found potential evidence
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What would be the ultimate solution to the energy problems of an advanced civilization? Renowned British American physicist Freeman Dyson theorized it would be a shell made up of mirrors or solar panels that completely surrounds a star — harnessing all the energy it produces.

“One should expect that, within a few thousand years of its entering the stage of industrial development, any intelligent species should be found occupying an artificial biosphere which completely surrounds its parent star,” wrote Dyson in a 1960 paper in which he first explained the concept
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If it sounds like science fiction, that’s because it is: Dyson took the idea from Olaf Stapledon’s 1937 novel “Star Maker,” and he was always open about that. The late scientist was a professor emeritus at the Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
Still, coming from a thinker who some in the scientific community say might have been worthy of a Nobel Prize early in his career, the concept took hold and the hypothetical megastructures became known as Dyson spheres, even though the physicist later clarified that they would actually consist of “a loose collection or swarm of objects traveling on independent orbits around the star.”

In his paper, Dyson also noted that Dyson spheres would give off waste heat detectable as infrared radiation, and suggested that looking for that byproduct would be a viable method for searching for extraterrestrial life. However, he added that infrared radiation by itself would not necessarily mean extraterrestrial intelligence, and that one of the strongest reasons for searching for such sources was that new types of natural astronomical objects might be discovered.

“Scientists (at the time) were largely receptive, not to the likelihood that alien civilisations would be found to exist, but that a search for waste heat would be a good place to look,” said George Dyson, a technology writer and author and the second of Dyson’s six children, via email. “Science fiction, from ‘Footfall’ to ‘Star Trek,’ took the idea and ran with it, while social critics adopted the Dyson sphere as a vehicle for questioning the wisdom of unlimited technological growth.”

Wileychasp

27 Apr 2025 - 04:23 am

‘Dyson spheres’ were theorized as a way to detect alien life. Scientists say they’ve found potential evidence
kra31cc
What would be the ultimate solution to the energy problems of an advanced civilization? Renowned British American physicist Freeman Dyson theorized it would be a shell made up of mirrors or solar panels that completely surrounds a star — harnessing all the energy it produces.

“One should expect that, within a few thousand years of its entering the stage of industrial development, any intelligent species should be found occupying an artificial biosphere which completely surrounds its parent star,” wrote Dyson in a 1960 paper in which he first explained the concept
https://kra31s.cc
kra cc
If it sounds like science fiction, that’s because it is: Dyson took the idea from Olaf Stapledon’s 1937 novel “Star Maker,” and he was always open about that. The late scientist was a professor emeritus at the Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
Still, coming from a thinker who some in the scientific community say might have been worthy of a Nobel Prize early in his career, the concept took hold and the hypothetical megastructures became known as Dyson spheres, even though the physicist later clarified that they would actually consist of “a loose collection or swarm of objects traveling on independent orbits around the star.”

In his paper, Dyson also noted that Dyson spheres would give off waste heat detectable as infrared radiation, and suggested that looking for that byproduct would be a viable method for searching for extraterrestrial life. However, he added that infrared radiation by itself would not necessarily mean extraterrestrial intelligence, and that one of the strongest reasons for searching for such sources was that new types of natural astronomical objects might be discovered.

“Scientists (at the time) were largely receptive, not to the likelihood that alien civilisations would be found to exist, but that a search for waste heat would be a good place to look,” said George Dyson, a technology writer and author and the second of Dyson’s six children, via email. “Science fiction, from ‘Footfall’ to ‘Star Trek,’ took the idea and ran with it, while social critics adopted the Dyson sphere as a vehicle for questioning the wisdom of unlimited technological growth.”

Jamespseum

27 Apr 2025 - 03:48 am

Straight off, Tumbler is the only Bitcoin Tumbler we’ve ever crossed paths with which offers a “Free trial”! The free trial obviously doesn’t mean they’ll just send you free money; rather no fee or commission is charged for this free trial although it’s limited to, and is exclusive for 0.0001BTC tumbling only. Their process of acquiring the clean coins is quite unique, obtained from various stock exchanges such as DigiFinex, Cryptonex, Binance and so on; ensuring cleaner coins than some other questionable sources pertaining to their claimed check using a proprietary algorithm. In the background, a user’s money is first mixed in their pre-mixer with other coins; then sent to the stock exchanges for further mixing with other traders’ coins and then summoned back to be sent back to the users. The major flaw with the tumbler however is its lack of user-control, users have absolutely no control over the time-delays meaning you can’t specify the duration gap between the outputs rather it’s randomized between 1-6 hours. Distribution-control too can’t be controlled and the mixer sends randomized outputs to the addresses. The fee can’t be controlled by the users either and is again randomly set between 4-5%+ 0.00015 BTC network fee, truth be told it’s one of the highest tumbler fee we’ve ever seen. The minimum deposit limit is 0.0001 BTC and the maximum being 50BTC/ transaction. Yomix : Excellent customer support Coinmize : Zero-log policy Bitcoin Mixer : It offers flexible transaction fees and a low minimum transaction limit Coin Mixer : Fast payouts Bitcoin Laundry : Uses stealth pools to anonymize transactions 1. Yomix - Excellent customer support Yomix makes the process of clearing bitcoins very easy and convenient for the client. This resource requires one confirmation of the transaction, after which new clean coins are sent to the specified wallet. Users can also control latency for processing their transactions. This is an offshore service, and its sites are also located offshore. This provides users with additional peace of mind and confidence that their data is strictly confidential. In addition, once the transaction is confirmed, users are sent a unique “delete logs” link, giving users the ability to manually delete their traces of transactions. Yomix charges a modest 0.5% commission. This makes BTC Blender ideal for users clearing large amounts of bitcoin.It is one of the best tumblers with a good number of features. It supports Bitcoin cryptocurrency bearing no logs policy. It requires a minimum deposit of 0.0015 BTC and the transaction fee is 0.0% service fee along with an additional 0.0002 BTC per payout address. It supports multiple addresses of up to 5 and requires confirmation. No registration is required and Yomix does not offer a referral program.Yomix will be reliable and easy to use. It has been around for several years and is probably considered one of the most popular mixers on the darknet. Yomix charges a commission randomly in 1-3%, and also provides sending coins to 10 different addresses for increased anonymity. Due to randomization, withdrawal amounts turn out to be unpredictable, which again increases anonymity. BitBlender requires you to create an account to use the full suite of tools, but if you don’t want to register, this mixer offers a “quick blend” mode. When using the Quick Mix feature, you will be sent a code that identifies each individual operation to ensure that you do not receive any previously sent coins back. BitBlender provides two additional features. Auto-Withdrawal and Quick-Withdraw. Auto-Withdrawal will dramatically decrease your runtime if you have to constantly clean your coins. Quick Mix comes in handy for the casual user who doesn’t want to register.How it works: it has its own cryptocurrency reserve, which can be represented as a chain of bitcoins. When you transfer your funds to the Blender io, the resource sends your funds to the end of the chain and sends you new coins from the beginning of the chain that have nothing to do with the old coins. therefore, there can be no connection between incoming and outgoing coins. Only coins that go from your wallet to the Yomix address can be tracked through the public ledger, but no further. Blender io does not require you to register or provide any information other than the “receiving address“! It does not require identity confirmation and registration, but it is mandatory to provide in addition to the “receiving address”. The additional withdrawal delay feature has been extended to the maximum and offers installation up to 24 times a day. Other servers do not have such a wide range of latencies. Each set of unrefined coins can be split into as many as 8 pieces and sent to different addresses with an additional fee of 0.00008 BTC per address. Pros: Proven track recordIt has a positive reputation among the Bitcoin community 2. Coinmize - Zero-log policy What marks Coinmize out from the crowd is the fact that this crypto mixer is able to process transactions for Bitcoin and Litecoin. There is a minimum deposit requirement for both Bitcoin and Litecoin. The site is able to support a maximum of 5 multiple addresses with confirmation required for all addresses. No site registration is required and there is a referral program in place. Additionally, Coinmize can provide clients with a letter of guarantee.One of the most currency-rich mixers in the industry, letting us Mix not just Bitcoin but Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash and Ethereum (coming soon) is what Coinmize is. Also flaunts probably the most colourful and easy to use Interfaces I’ve ever seen. Provides 100% Control to users regarding every aspect of the mix. As in, users control the exact amount of fee (to the 4th decimal point!), the exact time-delay (by the minute and not just hours) and also the Percentage distribution. It’s transparent and even has a “fee calculator” which displays the exact amount of funds a user would receive on each additional address, as well as the total service and the address-fee. Maximum 8 total output addresses allowed. The minimum service fee a user can pay is 1%, with the maximum being 5%. The additional address fee is 0.00045529 BTC, 0.01072904 LTC, and 0.00273174 BCH for Bitcoin, Litecoin and Bitcoin Cash respectively. Has three fund-pools, and they all have funds from different sources in them which have different levels of anonymity. Does have a “No Logs Policy”. No registration required.Compared to other Bitcoin tumblers, Coinmize stands out from the crowd thanks to the additional anonymity offered. Users are given the option to split and merge coins into different wallets to various addresses. Additionally, Coinmize provides support for unlimited addresses and does not require user registration. Although only Bitcoin is supported and there are no referral programs, ChipMixer does not charge users with any service fees. With the option to donate BTCs being made available.Grams itself is a brand on the Darknet so I believe not much needs to be said about it. Grams Helix is one of its subsidiaries and is one of the most reputed and widely used Coinmize services out there, it’s simple, modern, and definitely trustworthy. Grams supports only Bitcoins for now. It needs 2 confirmations before it cleans and sends you your coins. It obviously supports time-delay, but it’s automatically set to “2 hours” for some reasons. It also supports “Random transactions” for the deposit, the deposit address changes after each transaction and allows you to send more than 1 transactions to Grams Helix instead of sending in all your coins in a single go. The same is also supported for the “output addresses” (where you receive coins) and you can input as many as 5 different BTC addresses where your coins are sent after cleaning them. The coin-deposit address is valid for 8 hours, and any transaction not done within these 8 hours won’t be received by the platform. Pros: Excellent customer support It has a positive reputation among the Bitcoin community 3. Bitcoin Mixer - It offers flexible transaction fees and a low minimum transaction limitTwo cryptocurrencies are also supported on Bitcoin Mixer mixing service. This scrambler is listed because it works quickly and it is reliable. The transaction fee is really low, only the amount of 0.0001 BTC needs to be sent for every extra address. Splitting deposited coins between 5 addresses is also extremely helpful for keeping user’s anonymity. Every user is able to choose an additional option of delaying the payment meaning that the transaction is becoming even more anonymous.Bitcoin Mixer is one of the most pocket-friendly, easy to use and customizable Bitcoin laundry platforms in the industry. The user-interface is extremely simple and clean, anyone who has never before used any such service too can navigate around and tumble Bitcoins easily. No registration is required to mix Bitcoins on Blender.io Its “delay” feature lets you set delays from 1-24 hours which increases your anonymity by providing a gap between the deposited coins and the outgoing ones. As for the fee, it’s dynamic, meaning you get to choose the amount of fee you’d like to pay, the minimum fee being 0.5% and the maximum being 2.5% with an additional 0.0005%/address. It’s also one of the rare platforms which provides you with a mixing code which makes sure your previous coins do not get mixed with your newer deposits if you do multiple deposits to the tumbler. The minimum amount you can mix is 0.001BTC while there’s no specific maximum amount as their Bitcoin reserve seems to be quite large. It also has a No Logs Policy and all data is instantly deleted as soon as a transaction is complete; and as for the number of confirmations required it’s 3 for your deposit to be mixed by Bitcoin Mixer It supports 8 addresses for each mix so you can further increase your anonymity. In a nutshell, it gives you the power to choose, is fast, anonymous and totally worth a try. It also supports Segwit and bech32 Addresses, with some terms attached. For e.g. only witness version bech32 addresses are supported. Similarly, only the addresses starting with the number “3” are supported.How it works: unlike other mixers, this site cleans coins with bitcoins purchased by them on cryptocurrency exchanges. Bitcoin Mixer io examines purchased coins using a scoring system with innovative algorithms and the use of technologies such as blockchain volume analysis, cluster analysis, pollution analysis, etc. After that, you will receive your BTC back, divided into random parts, and even sent in different addresses, if necessary. The whole process takes about 6 hours. The mixer does not require registration and does not store any logs. After each mixing operation, a letter of guarantee is sent, and information about it is eliminated after 24 hours, ensuring complete anonymity. The service also provides round-the-clock technical support. MixTum io charges a flat fee of 5% of the transaction, as well as a network fee of 0.00015 BTC. The program has two versions – for regular browsers and Tor.One of the most currency-rich mixers in the industry, letting us Mix not just Bitcoin but Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash and Ethereum (coming soon) is what Bitcoin Mixer is. Also flaunts probably the most colourful and easy to use Interfaces I’ve ever seen. Provides 100% Control to users regarding every aspect of the mix. As in, users control the exact amount of fee (to the 4th decimal point!), the exact time-delay (by the minute and not just hours) and also the Percentage distribution. It’s transparent and even has a “fee calculator” which displays the exact amount of funds a user would receive on each additional address, as well as the total service and the address-fee. Maximum 8 total output addresses allowed. The minimum service fee a user can pay is 1%, with the maximum being 5%. The additional address fee is 0.00045529 BTC, 0.01072904 LTC, and 0.00273174 BCH for Bitcoin, Litecoin and Bitcoin Cash respectively. Has three fund-pools, and they all have funds from different sources in them which have different levels of anonymity. Does have a “No Logs Policy”. No registration required. Pros: Doesn’t require registrationExcellent customer support 4. Coin Mixer - Fast payouts Coin Mixer is one of the best Bitcoin Tumbler services, that I’m stating based on my personal experiences and the positive reviews of other users on the Internet. It works both as a Bitcoin Tumbler, as well as a swapper, meaning you can clean your coins, and receive them in a different cryptocurrency as well which further adds to their anonymity. As a Bitcoin Tumbler, they let you set a custom service fee, the higher this fee is, the better your coins are anonymized. There’s a time-delay option as well which let’s you add an extra layer of protection by delaying your transaction by up to 24 hours, so you receive your coins not instantly but at a later time set by you. As of now, it supports the following coins: Bitcoin Ethereum Bitcoin Cash Litecoin The minimum fee of mixing coins for Bitcoin is 0.8% + 0.0008BTC / forwarding address. Note that there is a minimum transaction limit of 0.01BTC/transaction, and anything below that limit is still accepted but considered “donations” and hence isn’t returned to the senders. As for confirmation, it needs 1 confirmation before it cleans your Bitcoins. And the time needed for the whole process is generally instant, except when you’ve manually specified a time-delay. Also, obviously there also is a “Guarantee certificate” which helps you resolve any future conflicts and issues. It also features a “no logs policy” like all the other Bitcoin Tumbler services on this list, and automatically deletes your order history and all the other data after 24 hours. Well, this is just one of the many available Bitcoin Tumbler services, so let’s head over to the other available options.Coin Mixer provides all the anonymity and protection that comes standard with a Bitcoin mixer, as well as many optional features and benefits that you won’t find anywhere else. If you use a new address for withdrawal, the coins you receive back are completely separated from your previous history on the blockchain, so it is almost impossible to link the transaction history with your personality. SmartMix commission is only 0.5% of the deposit amount plus 0.0001 BTC / 0.00005 BCH for each exit address. 5 output addresses can be set. The privacy policy makes it possible to delete all mixing information as soon as it is completed. The resource provides fast and reliable mixing of bitcoins through a simple and attractive user interface. Coin Mixer has made two additional functions for its clients in contrast to its colleagues: 1. Affiliate program. Share your anonymous referral link and earn cryptocurrency bonuses. For each mixing operation performed on your link, you receive 50% of the service fee. 2. Loyalty reward program. Use your anonymous SmartClub code with every mixing operation to receive service charge discounts. The more you mix, the more you save.Coin Mixer is a very impressive service if you want to maintain your anonymity when you make purchases online. It can also be useful if you want to do p2p payments and donations. The service is used to mix a person’s funds and give this person some fresh bitcoins. The focus here is on making sure that the blender has the ability to confuse the trail as somebody could try to figure out the source. The best mixer is that one that keeps your anonymity at a max. You want each bitcoin transaction to be very hard to trace. This is where using our bitcoin mixing service makes a lot of sense. Protect your income and personal information becomes much easier. The reason why you want to use our service is because you want to hide your coins from hackers and third-parties. They can do a blockchain analysis, they may be able to track your personal data to steal your bitcoins. With our bitcoin tumbler, you don’t have to worry about that anymore.Another coin scrambler Mixtum offers you a so-called free trial period what means that there are no service or transaction fee charged. The process of getting renewed coins is also quite unique, as the tumbler requires a request to be sent over Tor or Clearnet and renewed coins are acquired from stock exchanges. Pros: Offers a low minimum deposit of 0.002 BTC It has a positive reputation among the Bitcoin community 5. Bitcoin Laundry - Uses stealth pools to anonymize transactions Mixing Bitcoins is made simpler with Bitcoin Laundry. A mixer available both on the Clearnet and the Tor network. Offers complete control over the time-delays and fund-distribution. Charges a static fee of 0.3%. Maximum number of output addresses allowed is 10. Each address is charged an additional 0.0001BTC. Largest possible mix is 100 BTC, while smallest accepted deposit is 0.002 BTC. No registration required. Has a No Logs Policy, retains logs for 7-days by default. Although users can delete logs anytime before the 7-day period manually. Does provide Certificate of Origin. Also has an “Instant Dispatch” feature of delivering coins without any delay.Bitcoin Laundry supports Bitcoin cryptocurrency bearing no logs policy. It requires a minimum deposit of 0.001 BTC and the transaction fee is 0.5–3%. It supports multiple addresses of up to 10 and requires confirmation. No registration is required and it does offer a referral program. Letter of guarantee is provided.Bitcoin Laundry is one of those mixing services that keep your crypto safe. The platform will take your bitcoin, mix it with other deposits, and give you the same amount of bitcoin in return. It’s designed to reduce bitcoin tracking, “clean” your coins, and help ensure anonymity on the transparent bitcoin network. A bitcoin mixer service like BitMix.Biz will take your bitcoin, then give you different bitcoin in return. The platform collects everyone’s bitcoin deposits, mixes them up into one central account, and then returns the bitcoins to users. You get the same amount of bitcoin (minus a fee), but different bitcoin from different parts of the blockchain. With BitMix.Biz, you get a letter of guarantee. That letter of guarantee is proof of BitMix.Biz’s obligations. When they give you their bitcoin address, they’ll provide a digitally-signed confirmation that this address has genuinely been generated by the server. That letter is always signed from the BitMix.Biz main bitcoin account (that account is publicly available on BitMix.Biz). The platform also uses a special 12 symbol “code” to ensure you get your bitcoin back every time you use the service. You save that code. That code also 100% excludes you from receiving your own coins anytime in the future. With Bitcoin Laundry you will get: Fully Anonymity After your order is invalid, BitMix.Biz will remove any information about your transactions. Absolutely no logs or personality identifying information is kept regarding your use of the BitMix.Biz service. Instant Transfer Money is instantly transferred to your address after your transaction is confirmed. Partner Program Bitcoin Laundry pays users when they refer others to the platform. They’ll pay for every transaction made by an invited user. The platform charges a mining fee of 0.4 to 4%. You can set the fee manually when you’re mixing your bitcoins. The address fee is 0.0005 BTC per output address to cover any transaction fees charged by miners. BitMix.Biz’s mixing process takes up to 24 hours, although it’s usually “almost instant” depending on the current service load. You’re required to mix a minimum of 0.007 BTC and a maximum of 1000 BTC. Transactions outside this range will not be accepted.This Bitcoin Laundry also supports Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies like Ethereum, Bitcoin Cash, and Litecoin bearing no logs policy. It requires a minimum deposit of 0.005 BTC, 0.01 BCH, 0.1 ETH, 1 LTC, and the transaction fee is 0.5% plus 0.0005 for each extra address. It supports multiple addresses of up to 10 and requires confirmation from 1 to 50. No registration is required and it does offer a referral program. Also, it comes with a letter of guarantee. Pros: Has impressive time delaysAvailable in Tor

Matthewlew

27 Apr 2025 - 01:21 am

опухоль молочной железы Подчеркиваются авторские разработки специалиста, в том числе уникальная методика липофилинга, позволяющая получить естественные и сбалансированные результаты. Канал служит площадкой для обсуждения сочетанных методик омоложения лица, разработанных на базе научных исследований и подтвержденных публикациями в известных медицинских журналах ВАК. Кроме того, в канале освещаются вопросы применения клеточных технологий в пластической хирургии. Специалист подробно рассказывает о преимуществах использования собственных ресурсов организма для достижения максимального эффекта омоложения и восстановления тканей. Подписчики узнают о прогрессивных методах стимуляции регенеративных процессов, позволяющих повысить эффективность операций и сократить период реабилитации. Канал пластического хирурга - это не только источник экспертной информации, но и платформа для общения с единомышленниками, интересующимися вопросами красоты и здоровья. Здесь можно задать вопросы специалисту, получить индивидуальные рекомендации и узнать о последних новостях из мира anti-age медицины и пластической хирургии.

Josephkelty

26 Apr 2025 - 11:49 pm

Broken spheres
Dyson died in 2020 before any of his spheres could be found — although they are just one of a dozen ideas that bear his name.
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“As a young scientist, Dyson showed that three competing quantum theories were actually the same theory — he summarily ended the competition,” said William Press, the Leslie Surginer Professor of Computer Science and Integrative Biology at the University of Texas at Austin. He was not involved in the study. “Later, he applied his genius to areas of astronomy, cosmology, the extraterrestrial realm, and also the very real problem of nuclear proliferation here on planet Earth. At the time of his death, he was recognized as a provocative and creative thinker.”

George Dyson also attested to his father’s fascination and comprehensive reach across disciplines.
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“Taking advantage of a short attention span and an aversion to bureaucracy, he contributed to five fields of mathematics and eleven fields of physics, as well as to theoretical biology, engineering, operations research, literature, and public affairs,” the younger Dyson said. “Many of his ideas were controversial, with one of his guiding principles being that ‘It is better to be wrong than to be vague.’”

The approach of the researchers behind the new study could offer a more fruitful path in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, said Tomotsugu Goto, an associate professor of astronomy at the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan. He also was not involved with the study.

“However, contamination by circumstellar debris disks, which mimic Dyson Sphere infrared signatures, remains a concern,” he added in an email. “Authors argue that the debris disks around (dwarf stars) are rare, but the 7 candidate authors selected out of 5 million sources are also rare. Despite this, the seven candidates warrant further investigation with powerful telescopes for a more definitive evaluation.”

Scottpseum

26 Apr 2025 - 11:46 pm

Why axolotls seem to be everywhere — except in the one lake they call home
Кракен тор
Scientist Dr. Randal Voss gets the occasional reminder that he’s working with a kind of superstar. When he does outreach events with his laboratory, he encounters people who are keen to meet his research subjects: aquatic salamanders called axolotls.

The amphibians’ fans tell Voss that they know the animals from the internet, or from caricatures or stuffed animals, exclaiming, “‘They’re so adorable, we love them,’” said Voss, a professor of neuroscience at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine. “People are drawn to them.”
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Take one look at an axolotl, and it’s easy to see why it’s so popular. With their wide eyes, upturned mouths and pastel pink coloring, axolotls look cheerful and vaguely Muppet-like.

They’ve skyrocketed in pop culture fame, in part thanks to the addition of axolotls to the video game Minecraft in 2021. These unusual salamanders are now found everywhere from Girl Scout patches to hot water bottles. But there’s more to axolotls than meets the eye: Their story is one of scientific discovery, exploitation of the natural world, and the work to rebuild humans’ connection with nature.

A scientific mystery
Axolotl is a word from Nahuatl, the Indigenous Mexican language spoken by the Aztecs and an estimated 1.5 million people today. The animals are named for the Aztec god Xolotl, who was said to transform into a salamander. The original Nahuatl pronunciation is “AH-show-LOAT”; in English, “ACK-suh-LAHT-uhl” is commonly used.
Axolotls are members of a class of animals called amphibians, which also includes frogs. Amphibians lay their jelly-like eggs in water, and the eggs hatch into water-dwelling larval states. (In frogs, these larvae are called tadpoles.)

Most amphibians, once they reach adulthood, are able to move to land. Since they breathe, in part, by absorbing oxygen through their moist skin, they tend to stay near water.

Axolotls, however, never complete the metamorphosis to a land-dwelling adult form and spend their whole lives in the water.

“They maintain their juvenile look throughout the course of their life,” Voss said. “They’re teenagers, at least in appearance, until they die.”

Lewisnef

26 Apr 2025 - 10:18 pm

Why axolotls seem to be everywhere — except in the one lake they call home
kraken тор
Scientist Dr. Randal Voss gets the occasional reminder that he’s working with a kind of superstar. When he does outreach events with his laboratory, he encounters people who are keen to meet his research subjects: aquatic salamanders called axolotls.

The amphibians’ fans tell Voss that they know the animals from the internet, or from caricatures or stuffed animals, exclaiming, “‘They’re so adorable, we love them,’” said Voss, a professor of neuroscience at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine. “People are drawn to them.”
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Take one look at an axolotl, and it’s easy to see why it’s so popular. With their wide eyes, upturned mouths and pastel pink coloring, axolotls look cheerful and vaguely Muppet-like.

They’ve skyrocketed in pop culture fame, in part thanks to the addition of axolotls to the video game Minecraft in 2021. These unusual salamanders are now found everywhere from Girl Scout patches to hot water bottles. But there’s more to axolotls than meets the eye: Their story is one of scientific discovery, exploitation of the natural world, and the work to rebuild humans’ connection with nature.

A scientific mystery
Axolotl is a word from Nahuatl, the Indigenous Mexican language spoken by the Aztecs and an estimated 1.5 million people today. The animals are named for the Aztec god Xolotl, who was said to transform into a salamander. The original Nahuatl pronunciation is “AH-show-LOAT”; in English, “ACK-suh-LAHT-uhl” is commonly used.
Axolotls are members of a class of animals called amphibians, which also includes frogs. Amphibians lay their jelly-like eggs in water, and the eggs hatch into water-dwelling larval states. (In frogs, these larvae are called tadpoles.)

Most amphibians, once they reach adulthood, are able to move to land. Since they breathe, in part, by absorbing oxygen through their moist skin, they tend to stay near water.

Axolotls, however, never complete the metamorphosis to a land-dwelling adult form and spend their whole lives in the water.

“They maintain their juvenile look throughout the course of their life,” Voss said. “They’re teenagers, at least in appearance, until they die.”

Jamessed

26 Apr 2025 - 10:00 pm

Axolotl problems
As Mexico City grew and became more industrialized, the need for water brought pumps and pipes to the lake, and eventually, “it was like a bad, smelly pond with rotten water,” Zambrano said. “All of our aquatic animals suffer with bad water quality, but amphibians suffer more because they have to breathe with the skin.”
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To add to the axolotls’ problems, invasive fish species such as carp and tilapia were introduced to the lake, where they feed on axolotl eggs. And a 1985 earthquake in Mexico City displaced thousands of people, who found new homes in the area around the lake, further contributing to the destruction of the axolotls’ habitat.

These combined threats have devastated axolotl populations. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, there are fewer than 100 adult axolotls left in the wild. The species is considered critically endangered.
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While the wild axolotls of Lake Xochimilco have dwindled to near-extinction, countless axolotls have been bred for scientific laboratories and the pet trade. “The axolotl essentially helped establish the field of experimental zoology,” Voss said.

In 1864, a French army officer brought live axolotls back to Europe, where scientists were surprised to learn that the seemingly juvenile aquatic salamanders were capable of reproduction. Since then, scientists around the world have studied axolotls and their DNA to learn about the salamanders’ unusual metamorphosis (or lack thereof) as well as their ability to regrow injured body parts.
In addition to their role in labs, axolotls have become popular in the exotic pet trade (though they are illegal to own in California, Maine, New Jersey and Washington, DC). However, the axolotls you might find at a pet shop are different from their wild relatives in Lake Xochimilco. Most wild axolotls are a dark grayish brown. The famous pink axolotls, as well as other color variants such as white, blue, yellow and black, are genetic anomalies that are rare in the wild but selectively bred for in the pet trade.

What’s more, “most of the animals in the pet trade have a very small genetic variance,” Zambrano said. Pet axolotls tend to be inbred and lack the wide flow of different genes that makes up a healthy population in the wild. That means that the axolotl extinction crisis can’t simply be solved by dumping pet axolotls into Lake Xochimilco. (Plus, the pet axolotls likely wouldn’t fare well with the poor habitat conditions in the lake.)

Williamjoymn

26 Apr 2025 - 09:20 pm

‘Dyson spheres’ were theorized as a way to detect alien life. Scientists say they’ve found potential evidence
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What would be the ultimate solution to the energy problems of an advanced civilization? Renowned British American physicist Freeman Dyson theorized it would be a shell made up of mirrors or solar panels that completely surrounds a star — harnessing all the energy it produces.

“One should expect that, within a few thousand years of its entering the stage of industrial development, any intelligent species should be found occupying an artificial biosphere which completely surrounds its parent star,” wrote Dyson in a 1960 paper in which he first explained the concept
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If it sounds like science fiction, that’s because it is: Dyson took the idea from Olaf Stapledon’s 1937 novel “Star Maker,” and he was always open about that. The late scientist was a professor emeritus at the Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
Still, coming from a thinker who some in the scientific community say might have been worthy of a Nobel Prize early in his career, the concept took hold and the hypothetical megastructures became known as Dyson spheres, even though the physicist later clarified that they would actually consist of “a loose collection or swarm of objects traveling on independent orbits around the star.”

In his paper, Dyson also noted that Dyson spheres would give off waste heat detectable as infrared radiation, and suggested that looking for that byproduct would be a viable method for searching for extraterrestrial life. However, he added that infrared radiation by itself would not necessarily mean extraterrestrial intelligence, and that one of the strongest reasons for searching for such sources was that new types of natural astronomical objects might be discovered.

“Scientists (at the time) were largely receptive, not to the likelihood that alien civilisations would be found to exist, but that a search for waste heat would be a good place to look,” said George Dyson, a technology writer and author and the second of Dyson’s six children, via email. “Science fiction, from ‘Footfall’ to ‘Star Trek,’ took the idea and ran with it, while social critics adopted the Dyson sphere as a vehicle for questioning the wisdom of unlimited technological growth.”

Henrydiern

26 Apr 2025 - 09:10 pm

Axolotl problems
As Mexico City grew and became more industrialized, the need for water brought pumps and pipes to the lake, and eventually, “it was like a bad, smelly pond with rotten water,” Zambrano said. “All of our aquatic animals suffer with bad water quality, but amphibians suffer more because they have to breathe with the skin.”
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To add to the axolotls’ problems, invasive fish species such as carp and tilapia were introduced to the lake, where they feed on axolotl eggs. And a 1985 earthquake in Mexico City displaced thousands of people, who found new homes in the area around the lake, further contributing to the destruction of the axolotls’ habitat.

These combined threats have devastated axolotl populations. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, there are fewer than 100 adult axolotls left in the wild. The species is considered critically endangered.
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While the wild axolotls of Lake Xochimilco have dwindled to near-extinction, countless axolotls have been bred for scientific laboratories and the pet trade. “The axolotl essentially helped establish the field of experimental zoology,” Voss said.

In 1864, a French army officer brought live axolotls back to Europe, where scientists were surprised to learn that the seemingly juvenile aquatic salamanders were capable of reproduction. Since then, scientists around the world have studied axolotls and their DNA to learn about the salamanders’ unusual metamorphosis (or lack thereof) as well as their ability to regrow injured body parts.
In addition to their role in labs, axolotls have become popular in the exotic pet trade (though they are illegal to own in California, Maine, New Jersey and Washington, DC). However, the axolotls you might find at a pet shop are different from their wild relatives in Lake Xochimilco. Most wild axolotls are a dark grayish brown. The famous pink axolotls, as well as other color variants such as white, blue, yellow and black, are genetic anomalies that are rare in the wild but selectively bred for in the pet trade.

What’s more, “most of the animals in the pet trade have a very small genetic variance,” Zambrano said. Pet axolotls tend to be inbred and lack the wide flow of different genes that makes up a healthy population in the wild. That means that the axolotl extinction crisis can’t simply be solved by dumping pet axolotls into Lake Xochimilco. (Plus, the pet axolotls likely wouldn’t fare well with the poor habitat conditions in the lake.)